 Những Vĩ Nhân Soạn Nhạc, sưu tầm |
  Jun 9 2010, 07:36 AM
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 Bảo vệ tổ quốc  Group: Năng Động Posts: 4,390 Joined: 5-August 09 Member No.: 4,332 Country 
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Jun 9 2010, 07:43 AM
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#2
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Bảo vệ tổ quốc Group: Năng Động Posts: 4,390 Joined: 5-August 09 Member No.: 4,332 Country
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Antonio Vivaldi  Lived: 1678-1741 Nationality: Italian Era: Baroque For many people, the name Vivaldi is associated with just one piece of music - Ie quattro stagioni (The Four Seasons) - which has been recorded countless times. But many other gems of Vivaldi's output are worth exploring: he was one of the most prolific and influential composers of his time, and without his contribution to the development of concerto form, the instrumental music of later composers such as Bach would have been the poorer. The Red Priest Vivaldi was born (during a minor earthquake) in Venice, to a baker turned professional violinist, with whom the young Antonio studied. In 1693 he began to train for the priesthood, while still living at home and continuing his violin studies. He was ordained in 1703, and his startling red hair earned him the nickname of i] prete rosso (the Red Priest), but the ecclesiastical life did not entirely suit him, and several times he found himself at odds with the church authorities. In the year of his ordination, Vivaldi was appointed violin teacher at the Conservatorio dell' Ospedale della Pied, a Venetian orphanage which housed and educated young girls. Music was held in high esteem there, and its reputation was such that many leading performers took part in its concerts. Vivaldi was required to teach and rehearse the students and to maintain the instruments. His initial appointment lasted six years, during which time he published a set of 12 trio sonate da camera and a set of solo violin sonatas. He had already begun to write concertos, which became his favourite medium. Vivaldi's concertos In all Vivaldi wrote well over 200 violin concertos, around 27 cello concertos, around a dozen for flute, three for piccolo, 20 for oboe, 37 for bassoon (an instrument for which few other composers have written concertos), and many more double and multiple concertos, of which the E minor concerto for four violins, Op. 3 No.4, is very well known. The fanciful titles of some of his concertos gave Vivaldi plenty of opportunity for descriptive writing. As well as the famous Four Seasons, programmatically depicting seasonal activities such as skating on the ice (winter), hunting (autumn), and listening to birdsong (spring), their titles include La tempesta di mare (Storm at Sea), ramoroso (The Lover), La caccia (The Hunt) and 11 corneto di posta (The Posthorn). A set of 12 concertos for one, two or four solo violins was published in Amsterdam in 1711 under the title r estro armonico, and instantly sold all over Europe (Bach made keyboard transcriptions of five of them). Another set of 12 (La stravasanza) appeared in 1714, and from then on Vivaldi's music was much in demand (the collection containing The Four Seasons was published in 1725). He also wrote around 60 concerti srossi for strings and bass. In 1711 Vivaldi returned to the Pied., where he took the opportunity to write sacred as well as instrumental music. His cheerful Gloria is still much performed today. He was associated with the institution until his death, although his frequent absences were not popular. He also began to write operas (about 45 in all) for various Italian courts and opera houses, including Mantua, Venice and Rome. Several have recently been revived, although interest still tends to be academic. Fall from grace Vivaldi spent much of the last two decades of his life on the move. Around 1725 he became involved with his singing pupil, Anna Giraud. The church authorities cannot have been pleased with the whiff of scandal surrounding the "Red Priest" and in 1737 he was censured for unpriestly conduct. In 1741 Vivaldi undertook a mysterious journey to Vienna (perhaps connected with Anna's work as an opera singer). He arrived on 28 June, and a month later he was dead, apparently of unknown causes. His arrogance and egotism had made many enemies, but his posthumous influence was immense. -------------------- Too much to read
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Jun 9 2010, 07:46 AM
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#3
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Bảo vệ tổ quốc Group: Năng Động Posts: 4,390 Joined: 5-August 09 Member No.: 4,332 Country
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Johann Sebastian Bach   Lived: 1685-1750 Nationality: German Era: Baroque For many music-lovers, the music of J. S. Bach fulfills a profound spiritual need: it has a timeless, other-worldly quality which could only come from a composer who felt himself close to God. Just as Bach's birthplace was over- shadowed by the Wartburg mountain, topped by the fortress in which Martin Luther hammered out the fundamental principles of Protestant theology, so his life was dominated by his devotion to the Lutheran faith, and his music was dedicated to its service. Early years Unlike many of his more cosmopolitan contemporaries, Bach spent his entire career in Germany mostly in the central regions of Thuringia and Saxony. He was born into a long dynasty of Thuringian organists and composers who worked as church organists and choir-masters, municipal musicians, and at the many small princely or ducal courts which flourished in the region. Bach's father, Ambrosius, was himself employed as a musician by the town council of Eisenach, where Johann Sebastian was born on 21 March 1685. After losing both parents by the age of ten, Bach was sent to live at Ohrdruf with his married elder brother, Johann Christoph, who was organist there. It seems likely that Johann Christoph helped with his young brother's musical training, but once Johann Sebastian reached the age of 15, there was no longer room for him in the Ohrdruf household, and he obtained a free place at St Michael's. School in Luneburg, 320km (200 miles) away in north Germany. There he benefited from a solid musical education and sang in the choir, but his formal education came to an end in 1702. -------------------- Too much to read
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Jun 9 2010, 07:48 AM
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#4
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Bảo vệ tổ quốc Group: Năng Động Posts: 4,390 Joined: 5-August 09 Member No.: 4,332 Country
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Joseph Haydn   Lived: 1732-1809 Nationality: Austrian Era: Classical Joseph Haydn was the eldest and longest lived of the four great composers of the so-called "First Viennese School". Born when Bach and Handel were at the height of their fame, he outlived his friend Mozart by 18 years, and saw his former pupil Beethoven well established in his own career. It was Haydn who practically invented the Classical musical forms of symphony, concerto, string quartet and sonata. Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert all owed an incalculable debt to their genial, hard-working, predecessor. Haydn's life spanned a period of great social change. He was one of the last major musicians to work for a single aristocratic patron - in his case, the Hungarian Esterhazy family, whose seat was the castle of Eisenstadt, some 80km (SO miles) from Vienna. The arrangement worked quite well for Haydn - his employers treated him fairly - but in their eyes he was no better than a servant. His life-long desire for freedom was granted only towards the end of his long career. when he was effectively pensioned off and was able to travel and enjoy his spreading European reputation. -------------------- Too much to read
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